Here, is a scheme and is the sheaf of rational functions on .
The misconceptions are the following, where we write for the total ring of fractions of a ring , namely the localized ring with respect to all element which are not zero divisors.
- is not the sheaf associated to the presheaf ; indeed, that map may not be a presheaf.
- The germ of at a point may not be the total ring of fractions of the local ring , it may be smaller.
- If is an affine open subset of , then is not necessarily equal to .
These mistakes can be found in the writings of very good authors, even Grothendieck's EGA IV...
By chance, the first one is corrected in a straightforward way, and the other two work when the scheme is locally noetherian.
Thanks to Antoine D. for indicating to me this mistake, and to Google for leading me to Kleiman's paper.
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