Here, $X$ is a scheme and $K_X$ is the sheaf of rational functions on $X$.
The misconceptions are the following, where we write $\mathop{Frac}(A)$ for the total ring of fractions of a ring $A$, namely the localized ring with respect to all element which are not zero divisors.
- $K_X$ is not the sheaf associated to the presheaf $U\mapsto \mathop{Frac}(\Gamma(U,O_X))$; indeed, that map may not be a presheaf.
- The germ $K_{X,x}$ of $K_X$ at a point $x$ may not be the total ring of fractions of the local ring $O_{X,x}$, it may be smaller.
- If $U=\mathop{Spec}(A)$ is an affine open subset of $X$, then $\Gamma(U,K_X)$ is not necessarily equal to $\mathop{Frac}(A)$.
These mistakes can be found in the writings of very good authors, even Grothendieck's EGA IV...
By chance, the first one is corrected in a straightforward way, and the other two work when the scheme $X$ is locally noetherian.
Thanks to Antoine D. for indicating to me this mistake, and to Google for leading me to Kleiman's paper.
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